So you want to know how to rap? Are you a beginner trying to put
your first rhymes together or are you more advanced? Tired of reading
about rap theory and actually want some practical exercises?
A
lot of people think that rap is a natural talent; a mystery that cannot
be taught. This is not true. While many people have a strong sense of
rhythm and timing and others are good with words, these are skills that
can be worked on and developed. Even freestyling can be gradually
developed; though this is something that people often have a
predisposition to. Like with everything in life, with knowledge and
practice you can develop and improve. Nobody tries to learn the piano
without knowledge and practice; why would rap be any different.
Rap
can be seen in Jazz, Rock, Folk, and World music as well as more
traditional urban genres such as Grime, Drum and Base and Hip Hop. I
have also aimed this at people who already rap, and the information will
hopefully increase understanding and ability.
There are some
fundamentals of rap, so before you use the links let me break down the
key things you need to be able to work on to develop good rap technique.
Timing
- to put it simply if you can't count the beat then you can't rap. When
you learn to play the music you learn to count 1234 along to the music.
This is your basic skill and something you can practice to any track.
Rhyming
- most of rap revolves around the ability to rhyme words. While it is
not essential and groups such as Public Enemy 'I don't rhyme for the
sake of riddling' didn't use rhyme to a large extent, it is still key to
the rap sounds.
The ability to listen - listening to other
rappers, listening to the track, listening to other types of music,
listening is vital. One of the most important exercises you can do is to
simply take part in call and response exercises, imitating what rappers
do. After all, you don't start composing music on the violin the day
you have your firs lesson; you imitate starting off with simple things
and then becoming more complex.
Imitation - Another key exercise
is to simply write down songs you hear and learn the raps, rapping along
with the rapper. if you can rap other peoples lyrics, you can rap. The
next step is to write your own.
Counting The Beat
Counting
the beat is essential in all forms of music and rap is no different. If
you can't count the beat,you can't stay in time with the music and the
other musicians.
Most songs that are used in Hip Hop and other
popular forms of music are counted in 4 time. In other words we count
along 1,2,3,4 and then start the cycle again.
Sometimes the music is counted in 3 time, think of the 123,123, sound of the waltz.
We can also rap in a 123,123, way over a standard 4 count.
For an example of a 3 count track listen to Kanye West Spaceship.
A
great way to start out practicing rap technqiue is to put a moderate
tempo track on and count along to it,1 2 3 4. Some will find this easy;
some will find it difficult, but with practice you will lock into the
rhythm of every track you put on.
Then to add to this, try putting a word on each 4 count, for example 1,2,3, rap, 1,2,3, name.
Once
you have done this, try putting a word on the four and then thinking of
a rhyming word to go on the next four. See how long you can keep the
rhyme going for. This will improve your ability to count to a track,
your ability to put words to that count and your capacity to rhyme
words. Try listening to different genres and see if the 4 count works,
or if you think another count is needed.
Rhyme Patterns
There
are an infnite number of rhyme patterns but there are also a core few
that are commonly used. But what is a rhyme pattern? It is simply a way
of constructing your rhymes in a song.
One of the most common
rhyme patterns is called 'rhyming on the snare'. Think of the best as
boom bap boom boom bap. The bap sound is the snare drum. Often it is on
the 2 and the 4.So rhyming on the snare can often be thought of as
rhyming on the two and on the four.
For example.
Kick Snare Kick Kick Snare
I am writing a rhyme
It sounds funky every time.
With the rhyming words 'rhyme' and 'time' on the snare or the four.
Another
rap pattern is called internal rhyme. It simply means having rhymes
inside each line rather than simply at the end of each line.
For example
Forgot monotony, I probably created a monopoly.
Its possibly the hottest beat and mixed in with philsophy.
This also uses multi syllabic rhymes: rhyming words with more than
one syllable. this gives it a complex and sophisticated sound.
There are many other rhyme patterns and some are more common to diffferent genres.
Meter
Meter
is all about the placing of syllables in lines to create different
rhythms. To understand meter you need to understand word stress and
syllables.
Lets start with syllables.
The word today has two syllables or 'sounds'. 'to day'.
The word tomorrow has three syllables or sounds.
So
what about stress? Word stress is something we do naturally. When we
say a word we push down on a particular syllable. For example with the
word 'photo' we push down on the 'pho' part of the word.
With the
word 'beserk'. We push down on the 'serk' part of the word. So its
beSERK and not BEserk. Another way to think about is to think that we
are holding that sound a little longer. Say the two variations slowly
pushing down on one sound and then the other.
The word address is
interesting. In America they stress the ADD part of the word, ADD ress.
In England we stress the 'ress' part of the word add RESS.
Meter is how we place words with different types of stress next to each other. There are four types of meter.
Iambic
This is an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, for example
i WRECK the MIC and RIP it HARD.
Trochaic
The first sound is stressed and the second is unstressed.Take for example famous poem.
TI ger TI ger BUR ning BRIGHT
IN the FOR est OF the Night.
To hear the difference between these two types of meter try repeating the word
'eject eject eject' over and over, Notice the feel of this and how it seems to lift at the end of each word.
Then repeat the word 'tiger tiger tiger'. Notice the feel of this and how it seems to drop at the end of each word.
These two types of meter can be applied to tracks to give them these different feels.
Dactlyic
This
is a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed. The waltz has this
feel. Try repeating the words 'rashers and sausages, rashers and
sauages' and you will get this feel.
Anapestic Meter
This is
the reverse of Dactylic so we have two unstressed syllables followed by
a stressed. The rapper APL.D.AP uses this is the song 'like that' by
the Black Eyed Peas (2.30 in)
Meter is an advanced technique and
something you start to feel rather than over analyse but once mastered
can give your rap rhythms a varied and interesting feel.
Phrasing is the way in which we use pauses in a rap, emphasise certain lines, or say things earlier or later than expected.
Phrasing
The
best way to think about phrasing is to listen to Jazz solos. When does
the saxophone player choose to pause in their solo, which bits do they
speed up for, which bits do they slow down for.
One way to work on
phrasing is to take a line from a song and practice saying certain
words earlier or later, stretching out certain sounds or placing pauses
in different places.
It might help to think of the idea of a joke.
In a joke we place a pause before the punchline. This is a choice of
phrasing. We constantly phrase throughout conversation, sometimes simply
to accommodate breathing, at other times to create suspense, convey
excitment or keep our listener engaged.
Freestyling
Freestyling
is the ability to improvise rap lyrics, thinking of rhymes over the top
of your head. The best freestylers engage with the environment around
them, talking about what someone in the audience might be doing or an
object in the room.
All freestylers have lines that they have
stored in their heads ready to use when necessary. These 'fall back'
lyrics give them something to fall back on while they think of the next
thing to say. The more rhymes you know, the more lyrics you have stored
and ready to use.
One of the best exeplars of freestyle rap is the rapper 'Supernatural'.
While
freestling is a great way to impress, some of the best rappers can't
freestyle and some of the best freestylers can't make a decent rap song,
so it is not the be all and end all.
Freestlying is now also
sometimes used as a term to denote something rapping a pre written verse
over a track that they have just heard.
A good way to practice
freestyling is to simply talk about your day or a topic you know well,
along to a track. Then try emphasising whatever particular word you are
on when you get to the four count. This will get you used to improving
in a rhythmic way.
Another effective way of practicing is to start
with an easy word to rhyme such as 'sea'. Then write a few basic lines.
Learn them; rap them; and then try to add on other rhymes from the top
of your head.
Wherever you choose to take your ability to rap is
up to you, whether it be on a rap, rock, folk, or jazz track; or whether
just to impress your friends.